Herausgeber: Statistisches Bundesamt - Wiesbaden. [38] A Dr. Slanina packed the chest wound, while Dr. Walter Diek, the Sudeten German chief of surgery at the hospital, tried to remove the shrapnel splinters. [150] There were additional deaths of the ethnic Germans outside of Germany in Eastern Europe, men conscripted during the war and ethnic German civilian deaths during post war expulsions. [50], Hitler ordered an investigation and reprisals on the day of the assassination attempt, suggesting that Himmler send SS General Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski to Prague. Comrades, surrender! , and at least 220,000 by the end of April 1945 in the Italian campaign[60] [23] Professor Vojtch Mastn argues that he "clung to the scheme as the last resort to dramatize Czech resistance". 2, The number of prisoners taken in March was approaching 350,000, SHAEF Weekly Summary No. Marshall's figure for the South Pacific is 684,000. Based on his own research Bacque claims that documents from the US Archives show that there were 800,000 German POW who did not survive US captivity. However, in Poland it is viewed by some as an attempt to reopen the wounds of the war and to revert to pre-war borders. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans, Soviet war crimes and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000[11][12][13] to over 2.0 million. Neither the Czech government-in-exile nor the British SOE likely foresaw the possibility that the Germans would apply the principle of Sippenhaft (collective responsibility) on the scale they did in avenging Heydrich's assassination. For instance, in the battle of the Ruhr Pocket, there were about 10,000 fatalities on the German side (including prisoners of war in German captivity, foreign forced laborers, Volkssturm militia and unarmed civilians),[67] whereas about 317,000 Germans surrendered. [40] A 1958 West German estimate put the military war dead of ethnic German(deutschen Bevlkerung) foreign nationals from east-central Europe in the German Armed Forces at 432,000 (Baltic States 15,000, Poland 108,000, Czechoslovakia 180,000, Hungary 32,000, Yugoslavia 40,000 and Romania 35,000)[41], Overmans does not include Russian volunteers in the Wehrmacht in his figures, only persons of German ancestry (Deutsche nach Abstammung). [69], The assassination of Heydrich was one of the most significant moments of the resistance in Czechoslovakia. This list may not reflect recent changes . Also, a memorial has been placed in Arisaig, Scotland, to the Czechoslovakian members of SOE who trained in that area, with a list of those killed and the missions in which they took part. The battle casualtry loss rate by rank for the US Army in World War II was: General Officer and all field grades 35 Captain 53 1st Lieutenant 105 2nd Lieutenant 204 Warrant Officer 8. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for Sakhalin & Aleutian Islands is 8,200. [42], Heydrich's condition appeared to be improving, until while sitting up eating a noon meal on 3 June, he suddenly collapsed and went into shock. (German Federal Statistical Office), The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78, Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. The bombing of Dresden and the bombing campaign in general has been a topic of discussion in post-war Germany. [53], According to one estimate, 5,000 people were murdered in the reprisals. [12] Heydrich was chosen over Karl Hermann Frank as an assassination target due to his status as the acting Protector of Bohemia and Moravia as well as his reputation for terrorizing local citizens. Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SS troops, including the destruction of villages and mass killings of civilians. The Biennial report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army issued in 1945 also estimated Japanese "battle dead" at 1.219 million. The headquarters of the Czechoslovak military training camp during World War II were in Leamington.[77]. [6][7], Heydrich came to Prague to "strengthen policy, carry out countermeasures against resistance", and keep up production quotas of Czech motors and arms that were "extremely important to the German war effort". I HATE this guy. Figures do not include prisoners held by Allies. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. A. OKW figures from 9/1/1939 to 12/31/1944, Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page78, B. (2) Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page 78. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. The following is a list of the movies dealing with Operation Anthropoid or portraying the assassination as a crucial moment of the film's plot: There are two Czech songs about operation Anthropoid. In 1949 he published an article in the newspaper Die Zeit, in which he listed OKW Casualty Figures[21] these figures also appeared in a multi-volume edition of the OKW diaries. [19] (Since German reunification, the records in the former GDR (East Germany) have become available to the WASt). Otherwise notable people killed serving with the German military during World War II. [16] During extensive training, the new weapon was found to be easy to throw by Hesketh-Prichard, who had a strong cricketing background, his father having been a first-class bowler, but less so by Gabk and Kubi.[17][18]. Maurice Rose lived through the World War II Official statistics published by the West German government 1956 put the death toll due to air raids at 635,000. [75], The National Memorial to the Heroes of the Heydrich Terror was created beneath the Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in 1995. 138 Squadron RAF at 22:00 on 28 December 1941. Page72. Nothing happened to me either.) As it slowed down and rounded the corner, Gabk, who concealed his Sten submachine gun under a raincoat, dropped the raincoat and raised the gun, and, at close range, tried to shoot Heydrich, but the gun jammed. by B5N2KATE 19 Apr 2008, 16:38, Return to German Strategy & General German Military Discussion. Overall, Overmans estimates losses for the entire war on the Eastern front at 4 million and in the West 1 million. The German historian Martin Broszat (former head of Institute of Contemporary History in Munich) described Nawratil's writings as "polemics with a nationalist-rightist point of view", and that Nawratil "exaggerates in an absurd manner the scale of 'expulsion crimes'". Overmans estimates the actual death toll of German POWs is about 1.1 million men (including 1.0 million in the USSR); he maintains that among those reported as missing were men who actually died as prisoners. We are Czechs! [4] Gubbins readily agreed to help mount the operation, although knowledge of it was restricted to a few of the headquarters and training staff of SOE. WebBellinger and the others managed to escape, and they later returned to retrieve Roses body. This figure was to remain unchallenged until the 1990s when some German historians put the actual death toll in the expulsions at 500,000 confirmed deaths listed in a 1965 German Red Cross study. Archiv konen vydal dkaz", "Nov tajemstv mue, kter zabil Reinharda Heydricha", "The Puzzling Death of Reinhard Heydrich", http://aktualne.centrum.cz/domaci/spolecnost/clanek.phtml?id=746282, "List of people executed in Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp", "Radio Prague Heroes or Cowards? A 1990 study by the East German historian. [7] During his role as de facto dictator of Bohemia and Moravia, Heydrich often drove with his chauffeur in a car with an open roof. 3-4, "Merkel ally quits after claiming Nazis didn't start war", Centre Against Expulsions, foundation website, "Our Foundation", "Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgrberfrsorge e. V.", "Germany Still Locates 40,000 War Casualties a Year", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=German_casualties_in_World_War_II&oldid=1150881183, Military history of Germany during World War II, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, By Official Cause of Death (per R. Overmans), German military dead on the Eastern Front (per R. Overmans), Add:Estimated losses of Soviet Volunteers, German POW deaths- Overmans estimate 2000, German POW Held in Captivity (Per R. Overmans), Expulsion and deportation civilian dead/missing. During the cold war in West Germany there were claims that one million German prisoners of war were held in secret by the USSR. (Not including living POWs still held.). The German Red Cross reported in 2005 that the records of the military search service WAS list total Wehrmacht losses at 4.3 million men (3.1 million dead and 1.2 million missing) in World War II. He was then transferred to the back of the truck on his stomach and taken to the emergency room at Bulovka Hospital. The Anthropoid pair landed near Nehvizdy east of Prague. Moravec had personally selected two dozen of the most promising personnel from among the 2,000 exiled Czechoslovak soldiers based in Britain. The financial support for the study came from a private foundation. (German government Statistical Office), Die deutschen Vertreibungsverluste. Prisoners held during the war are listed in a separate schedule below. O'Connor was captured by a German reconnaissance patrol during the night of 7 April 1941, and spent over two years in an Italian prisoner of war camp. Founded in 1999. (German government Statistical Office). The Daily Telegraph Story of the War Vol. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Deutsche Kriegsgefangene des Zweiten Weltkriege. WebI start with World War II because more (individual) records are available and I assume people are more interested in it. (German government Statistical Office). He points out that the figures for air raid dead in the last three months of the war were estimated in the West German figures at 300,000, which includes the deaths of 135,000 eastern refugees fleeing westward, Overy believes that this is not plausible. [29], Heydrich and Klein leapt out of the shattered Mercedes with drawn pistols; Klein ran towards Kubi, who had staggered against the railings, while Heydrich went to Gabk, who stood paralyzed holding the Sten. She was executed by Nazis in Mauthausen). Overall Mller-Hillebrand estimated the total dead and missing at 4.0 million men. ", German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, Life in the Third Reich & Weimar Republic, Kriegsmarine surface ships and Kriegsmarine in general, Luftwaffe air units and Luftwaffe in general, German Strategy & General German Military Discussion, NSDAP, other party organizations & Government, The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section, The Ron Klages Panzer & other vehicles Section, Panzer & other vehicles - Photo threads, Axis Documents, Feldpost numbers, Postcards & Other Paper Items, The United Kingdom & its Empire and Commonwealth 1919-45, The Allies and the Neutral States in general, German Colonies and Overseas Expeditions, The end of the Ottoman Empire 1908-1923, Translation help: Breaking the Sound Barrier. [21] Upon learning of the nature of the mission, resistance leaders begged the Czechoslovak government-in-exile to call off the attack, saying that "[a]n attempt against Heydrich's life would be of no use to the Allies and its consequences for our people would be immeasurable". The modification of the weapon could indicate an attached toxic or biological agent. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Of the 2 million presumed dead, Overmans believes 700,000 died in Soviet custody without being reported as POWs. Traitor Karel urda was hanged for high treason in 1947 after attempting suicide. [51] From early March these surrenders seriously weakened the Wehrmacht in the West, and made further surrenders more likely, thus having a snowballing effect. -Killed in 1945 land battles- This is a rough estimate made in 1956 for Germany in current post war borders, not including the former German territories in post war Poland. Heydrich's green, open-topped Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B reached the curve two minutes later. Overmans maintains that his research project taking a statistical sample of the records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) found that the German military casualty reporting system broke down during the war and that losses were understated. [115]) Marshall's figure for China is much lower than that of the Relief Bureau (126,000 vs. 435,600), but for the theaters where Japanese forces confronted American and British Empire forces the sum of Marshall's figures (1,093,000) is slightly higher than the sum of the Relief Bureau's figures for these theaters (1,020,900). He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. Frumkin put total German military dead and missing at 3,975,000: Germany (1937 borders) 3,500,000; Austria 230,000; 200,000 Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia; 40,000 from France, 3,700 from the Netherlands; 700 from Norway and 398 from Denmark. Marshall's figure is 126,000. Certainly a top Nazi anyways. Nikdy se nevzdme! In early 1945 the German High Command (OKW) prepared a summary of total losses up to January 31, 1945. Of the army dead a total of 1,456,500 occurred on the battlefronts that Marshall's figures refer to (Southern Pacific,[111] Central Pacific,[112] India-Burma,[113] China[114] and Aleutians. When Overmans conducted his research project during 1992 to 1994 he was an officer in the German Armed Forces. Right: US Army soldiers and [163] The German government currently places the ultimate blame for the mass flight and expulsion on the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe. In 1956 the West German government figures in the table below list an estimated about 5.5 million deaths (military and civilian) directly caused by the war within the borders of 1937. [106] Marshall's figures of enemy battle deaths are juxtaposed with deaths in the US Army only, suggesting that the losses of Japanese naval forces are not included, nor Japanese casualties in theaters where the Americans were not the main opposing force. Later, it underwent significant reconstruction and the extended exposition was reopened in 2010. Currently, the commission runs an online database in which soldiers' family can search for the missing relatives. Two years after Heydrich's death, Operation Foxley, a similar assassination plan, was drawn up against Hitler, but not implemented. The assailants initially hid with two Prague families and later took refuge in the Cathedral of Sts Cyril and Methodius (until 1935 the Karel Boromejsky Church)[60] a cathedral of the Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church in Prague. We are Czechs! This caused delays in the mission as Kubi had not completed training, nor had the necessary false documents been prepared for him. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing raids. by tigre 13 Feb 2008, 22:47, Post Heydrich was thought to be scheduled to transfer to occupied northern France and Belgium, with the intent to implement similar policies there. [39], The authors of A Higher Form of Killing claim that Heydrich died from botulism (Clostridium botulinum toxin poisoning). At 05:00 on 17 June, the Moravec flat was raided. The operatives who carried out the assassination were soldiers of the Czechoslovak Army who were prepared and trained by the British Special Operations Executive with the approval of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, led by Edvard Bene. He believes that the previous studies by the German government should be subject to critical revision and new research is needed to establish the actual number of expulsion deaths.[138]. Bonn 1989, Germany reports. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. (figures of Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare), The breakdown of Japanese military deaths, based on the Relief Bureau's figures, is available on the. Statistics for German World War II military casualties are divergent. The current view of the German government is that these losses were due to an aggressive war started by the German nation. [76], Another important monument is in the form of a fountain, and symbolically commemorates the seven paratroopers. After 29 May, Heydrich was entirely in the care of SS physicians. WebAnswer (1 of 5): I agree as a straight up being whacked by the enemy the answer Hydrech sounds spot on to me. WebOddlyenough the highest raking Army Air Corp general killed was Eighth Air Force General Nathan Bedford Forrest III was the great-grandson of Confederate General Nathan The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable[74] The following is a list of published statistics for German casualties in World War II. [48] Based on his research, Rdiger Overmans believes that the deaths of 459,000 dead POWs can be confirmed in the files of Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt)(including 363,000 in the USSR). OKW Casualty Figures Sept 1, 1939 to Jan 31, 1945, Source of Figures: Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 19401945: 8 Bde. The British General Percival (Singapore) and the US General Wainwright (the Philippines) were captured by the Japanese in 1942 and incarcerated until the end of the war in 1945. State Secretary in the German. "Heydrich Is Dead; Czech Toll At 178," pg 1, The New York Times, 5 June 1942. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. The total haul of German POWs held by the Western Allies by April 30, 1945, in all theatres of war was over 3,150,000, rising in NW Europe to 7,614,790 after the end of the war. [47][39], The evidence cited to support the theory includes the modifications made to the No. [62] Ata was executed by the Nazis in Mauthausen on 24 October 1942, the same day as his father, his fiance, her mother, and her brother.[63]. George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. A recent study by German historian Rdiger Overmans found that the German military casualties were 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria and in east-central Europe, higher than those originally reported by the German high command. The official German figures for the final months of the war include the inflated total of 60,000 deaths from the, Overy based his analysis on data in German archival sources for the years 1940-1942 and the Civilian Defense Division report of. They were sent to one of SOE's commando training centres at Arisaig in Scotland. This list may not reflect recent changes. Waffen-SS troops laid siege to the church the following day, but they were unable to take the assailants alive, despite the best efforts of 750 SS soldiers under the command of SS-Gruppenfhrer Karl Fischer von Treuenfeld. [66] The SS report about the fight mentioned five wounded SS soldiers. A 2005 report by the German Red Cross put the death toll due to strategic bombing at 500,000. [3][4], Civilian deaths during the war include air raid deaths, estimates of German civilians killed only by Allied strategic bombing have ranged from around 350,000[5][6] to 500,000. [9], By late 1941, Germany under Hitler controlled almost all of continental Europe, and German forces were approaching Moscow. [116][117], In 1951, Gregory Frumkin, who was throughout its existence the editor of the Statistical Year Book of the League of Nations, provided an assessment of German military losses based on a demographic analysis of the European population from 1939 to 1947. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Statistical bulletin January 1946 Page 7, Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. [23], A. By the end of 1954, they had identified approximately 4 million military dead and missing (2,730,000 dead and 1,240,629 missing). Krivosheev gave a separate set of statistics that put losses at 2,230,000 Killed; 2,400,000 missing and 5,240,000 wounded. The organisation was founded on 16 December 1919 to look after the World War I soldiers' graves. [65] Gabk, Josef Valk, Jaroslav varc, and Jan Hrub killed themselves in the crypt after repeated SS attacks, attempts to force them out with tear gas, and fire brigade trucks brought in to try to flood the crypt. This figure includes 4.3 million military dead and missing, 500,000 killed by strategic bombing, 300,000 victims of Nazi political, racial and religious persecution, 2,251,500 civilian dead in expulsions and 24,300 Austrian civilians. [43] After the collapse of communism, data from the Soviet Archives became available concerning the deaths of German POWs in the USSR. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. However, the declaration did not commit the UK to Czechoslovakia's pre-Munich borders and did not declare the Munich agreement void ab initio as Czechoslovakia wanted, thus the statement has been questioned as a full repudiation of the deal. According to Karl Hermann Frank's postwar testimony, Hitler knew Zelewski to be even harsher than Heydrich. The case of Ernst Rhm, the highest-ranking gay Nazi, presents an interesting study in the construction and containment of masculinity by the right. The West German government set up the Maschke Commission to investigate the fate of German POW in the war; in its report of 1974 the Maschke Commission found that about 1.2 million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1 million in the USSR. English language sources have put the death toll at 2 to 3 million for the flight and expulsion of the Germans. Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002 Pages 272-273, Overmans has made the following points in Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Like his father, Gerhardt pursued a career as an army officer, graduating in the West Point class of 1917. Discussions on High Command, strategy and the Armed Forces (Wehrmacht) in general. This is an apolitical forum for discussions on the Axis nations and related topics hosted by the Axis History Factbook in cooperation with Christian Ankerstjernes Panzerworld and Christoph Awender's WW2 day by day. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg, Bd. He eventually escaped in December 1943, and in 1944 commanded VIII Corps in Normandy and later during Operation Market Garden. Herausforderung Bevlkerung: zu Entwicklungen des modernen Denkens ber die Bevlkerung vor, im und nach dem Dritten Reich, Ploetz Geschichte des zweiten Weltkrieges Wrzburg, Ploetz 1960 page 80, Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand Das Heer 19331945. He was driven by SS-Oberscharfhrer Johannes Klein. The authors say that only circumstantial evidence supports this allegation; the records of the SOE for the period have remained sealed and few medical records of Heydrich's condition and treatment have been preserved. [16] This statistic does not include 200,000 German people with disabilities who were murdered in the Action T4 and Action 14f13 euthanasia programs.[17][18]. The gap in vital statistics between the middle of 1944 and the end of 1945 was estimated. The research project involved taking a statistical sample of the confidential German military personnel records located at the (WASt). The highest ranking officer I know to have been killed in action during the war would be British Secretary of State for War Field Marshal Herbert Horatio Kitchener, who was aboard the cruiser Hampshire on a diplomatic mission to Arkhangelsk, Russia, when it struck a mine laid by German submarine U-75 (Curt Beitzen, captain) and sunk The personnel records included 3,070,000 men who were confirmed dead in the Death Files and another 15,200,000 men in the General Files who had served in the war including those listed as missing and presumed dead. 54 w.e.April 1st. In the spring of 1945, as Russian tanks steamrolled towards Berlin, high-ranking Nazi officials began to weigh up their options. Marshall's figure for the Aleutian Islands is 8,000. Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002. Jan Hrub, who died in the fight with German troops in the crypt of the Church of Saint Cyril and Methodius, Memorial in the crypt of the Church of St. Cyril and St. Methodius, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}5074N 142751E / 50.11778N 14.46417E / 50.11778; 14.46417 (Assassination location in Prague). [45] Another suggestion was that Heydrich died of a massive pulmonary embolism (probably a fat embolism). A Czech woman and an off-duty policeman went to Heydrich's aid and flagged down a delivery van. by tigre 04 Apr 2008, 22:45, Post Post The story of Operation Anthropoid is narrated in a short Czech comic book titled Atentt (The Assassination), created in 1976 by brothers Jan Saudek and Kja Saudek. Regarding overall losses they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 1944 and 1945, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. WebWW2 Mysteries. by tigre 07 Mar 2008, 22:20, Post Keegan, John, Second World War, Penguin Books , 1990, Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder, Transaction Publishers, 1992 Table A. Hermann Kinder, Werner Hilgemann & Ernest A. Menze, Ishikida, Miki (2005). Roughly 200 German resisters participated in Operation Valkyrie, the failed July 20, 1944, plot to assassinate Adolf Hitler and overthrow the Nazi regime. Oldenbourg 2000. WebThe casualties suffered by the Western Allies in making this contribution to the defeat of the Wehrmacht were relatively light, 164,590195,576 killed/missing, 537,590 wounded, and One of those is the Unknown Soldier who rests in the Tomb of the Unknown at Arlington Cemetery. The following 142 pages are in this category, out of 142 total. by tigre 17 Feb 2008, 14:34, Post Mn se tak nic nestalo." As the car passed, Heydrich made an ultimately fatal error; instead of ordering his driver to accelerate, he stood up and drew his Luger pistol, yelling at the driver to halt. [14][4][15] According to the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) there were 300,000 German victims (including Jews) of Nazi racial, political and religious persecution. [55] The number of prisoners taken in the west in March and April was over 1,800,000,[56] more than double the 800,000 German soldiers who surrendered to the Russians in the last three or four months of the war. [40] Heydrich developed a fever of 3839C (100.4102.2F) and wound drainage, and he was in great pain. Left: McNair as Army Ground Forces commander. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [32], Monthly German military casualties at point of death per Overmans study.
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